Martin Luther King Jr: A Biography

Martin Luther baron Jr A BiographyMartin Luther major power jr.IntroductionMartin Luther potiness leader subordinate was an American national, a protestant Christian by religion. He was a complaisant Rights effectivist, Baptist minister who direct the various American-African civil decents feats. He beatd most of his purport for the elimination of segregations of grislys and uninfecteds in America. He was educated and had doctorate storey in systematic theology. He remained the Pastor of Baptist church in capital of Alabama Alabama city. He was withal member of executive committee of the national association, which worked for the Betterment of people of America. He was overly nominated as low gear chair in southern Christian leadership conference for an formation who were suppose to provide leadership for Civil pays attempts. The index excessively direct the first non-violent demonstration bus boycott in United States. During his peel, he spoke over 2500 1hundred time against injustice and Deprivation of fond rights. He also presented the homosexualifesto of a Negros revolution through his latter(prenominal) letter from Birmingham jail2 later on with a name and address, I hasten a dream. He also wrote five books and several(prenominal) articles. obscure from this, he honored with 50 honorary stages. Furthermore, he was the youngest man to throw the noble peace prize. (ne 2rk 1964) He also titled as man of Year3 In 1963. He exhibited with fifteen awards such as presidential decoration of Freedom, Congressional G disused4 medal and Grammy hall 5of fame award. During his struggle, he was imprisoned for Twenty times. He was assassinated in the age of 39 yrs. (carson, 1992) BackgroundFamilyMartin Luther index Junior was born in Atlanta on 15th of January 1968. He was the put child of iii children of his father. in front on, his name was Michael however it was channeld later on as Martin. His father name was Martin Luther dandy power senior. His grandfathers name was James Albert force and he was a sharecropper in Stockbridge town of Georgia. His father travel on to Atlanta in the age of sixteen. There he got his pedagogy and established Himself as a preacher. He served as a Baptist6 in two churches of Atlanta. Her mother name was Alberta Christine Williams. She graduated from Spellman College Atlanta. Martin siblings were Alfred Daniel fairy and a babe named Willie Christine. abilitys wife was Coretta Scott who was Born in Hamburger on 27 April 1927. Who were a singer and musician in a local inculcate in Boston. Both got married on 18 June 1952 in Marion, Alabama city. They had tetrad children, Two daughters and two sons.ChildhoodMartin Luther King had a pure boorish prickleground. His grandfather remained rural minister for several yrs. Than he migrated to Atlanta in 1893. He died in 1931 with heart attack. Kings Father was the wholly surviving child of his parents. Martin Luther King was born in Atlanta, in the shape up of five years he got admission in frequent naturalize Atlanta. In May 1936 he was baptized. in 1941 when King was twelve year old when her grandmother Also died with heart attack. It was tragic youngs for him. He lost his temperament and jumped From the window of his family house for a suicide attempt. a couple of(prenominal) incidents happen in his early Age that laid a neat impact on the idiosyncratic behaviors towards white people. (carson 1992) In the age of three years, thither was a white playmate. when he was six year old his father Demanded to quit off playing together. This incident brought a great shock. when he asked his Parents about this happening there he was made cognisant first time about the race problem. When He was eight year old another incident happen, he was slapped by a white woman just for Stepping her foot unintentionally. King joined Booker T high school in Washington. He skipped ninth and eleventh grades and entered into the Morehouse College in Atlanta. Another miserable incident of life happened in Kings life. when he was sixteen year after(prenominal) arriving back from winning a debate contest in capital of Ireland7. He along his teacher Mrs. Bradley8 stood up in the bus for almost ninety miles all the way from Dublin to Atlanta. This was angriest moment ever been for him. Though he belonged to a typical phantasmal family who were suppose to involve in church and worship excessively and King have bit contradictory views. Martin disregarded the excessive bring out of emotions in sacred worships. This discomfort remained with him through his Adolescence phase. During the early years of his ministry, he took the guiding classes of Bible for The filtration of ideas towards religion.CareerAcademic careerMartin Luther King started of his introducement career from macrocosm school Georgia. This was purely a Black segregate institute9. After completing his high school education, in September 1944 the King in the age of fifteen got admission in Morehouse college Atlanta. where he got Bachelors degree of arts in sociology in the year June 1948. in the same year he Joined crozer theological seminary Pennsylvania and remained there for three years. (carson 1992) He got the degree of bachelors Divinity in 1951. during his stay in crozer he was elect president for white senior class. This provided him an opportunity to complete the doctorate degree. and so he joined Boston Universitys school of Theology and got the doctorate degree in Systematic theology in the year 1955.Earlier careerKing started his professional career in 1954 during the ending issue of his doctorate degree. He Got offers from various colleges for respectable and authoritative posts but recognised the offer From Dexter church and started serving there as a pastor of Baptist church of Montgomery10. On 25 August 1955, he was prescribed as president of National Association for the Advancement of Colored large number NAACP 11executive committee.Rise to prominenceIn United States black -white racial dis correspond was predominately existed in that era. Blacks were segregated and deprived societally, economically as well as morally. Negros were not Allow To go in public parks, theatres, and schools of white people. For travelling, there was a specific way, as Negros was supposed to sit on the back seats either stand. There happened an incident when a girl violated the law by refusing to give the seat to a white man. On 1 December 1955 Mrs. Rosa park12 another black woman refused to hold the seat and she was arrested. which led the beginning of Montgomery boycott13 (History wired 1994) bearment. On that night local civil right leaders and Martin Luther, King planed to have think to have citywide boycott of buses and transports. The King was nominated to lead the bus boycott movement because of exceptional intellect and strong family connection. He delivered a speech in which he motivated the agenda of Negroes and he claimed the dovish protest is the only way to secure their legitimacy. He led the movement in a very sensible which also gave the civil right movement of Alabama City a new source of ardor and execution. The bus boycott remained for 382 days. During This duration Negroes faced multi issues of forcefulness and harassment. King also took legal action Against the unconstitutional act of law. The higher authorities suffered with great financial loss and they lifted the segregated law for transportation. this victory earn a great prominence for the King Junior to emerge as leader.Social ContributionsAfter the successful bus boycott movement, the leaders of civil rights movement felt the requirement an musical arrangement at national direct to ensure the representation of their rights security. For that bearing, Martin Luther King and his close friend Ralph Abernathy 14with the collaboration of several ministers formulated SCLC15. t he organization create 20 meetings in the southern cities for the adaption of black voters. (Pipes cc7) King personally held meetings with religious and civil rights leaders to argue the Negroes discrimination issues. In 1959 King also visited India because he was inspired by Gandhis non-violent movement. that visit motivated him and he became even more find for the preservation of civil rights. In 1960 another movement started in Greensboro, cognize as sit in Movement led my African American students. The movement rapidly spread in other cities as well. Martin Luther King motivated the students To carry on the movement in a inactive manner. Under the guidelines of King, the sit-ins Achieved success in finishing the segregation at dejeuner counters for more than 25 cities. In 1960 King joined his father as co-poster at Ebenezer Baptist church but he also carried on his efforts for the struggle of civil rights. The Birmingham campaign on endorsement of April 1963 ACHR16 and SC LC under the leadership of Martin Luther King started a protest known as Birmingham campaign. During this campaign the King started mobilizing the Negroes community in more determined way. He met with various Businesspersons, professionals religious and social activists. He also held a meeting with 200 leaders and briefed them about the objectives of this campaign. (Pipes 2007) On 28 August 1963, two one million million people gathered at Lincoln memorial. The King delivered the Famous speech I have a dream17 on this occasion and evince the view of all men unity. In Response civil rights act 1964 was passed. Under this act the government laid emphasis on desegregation of accommodations and public facilities. attest on WashingtonDuring Birmingham campaign the King was propel into the jail. When he was released from jail, he held another civil Right March from Selma to Alabama. However, this promenade turned into violent. this incident is known as bloody Sunday18. (MichaelHyatt 1998) The second march was cancelled due to security issues. Third march was held on ninth of March 1965 in which 2500 people both white and Black confronted against each other. However, this confrontation resulted into the loss of political support for King but it eventually provided a platform for the approval of voting right acts of 1965. gelt campaignIn 1967 King started expending his civil rights movement in other American cities such as Los Angeles and Chicago. He addressed a rally organized by important Committee for Conscientious Objectors CCCO 19. In his speech he announced The Chicago campaign. in July King led freedom Sunday 20rally. The purpose of rally was to Make Chicago blossom forth city21. Once gain violence accrued during this rally. as a result few violent whites attacked on the march. The King held summit agreement with Mayor and other prominent leaders of Chicago to sort imbibe the issue. (Pipes 2007)Poor people campaignIn 1967 the King planned to change the mechanism of economic and wealth distribution. However, The Southern Christian Leadership group (SCLC) did not support it. He launched the poor peoples campaign. The purpose was to secure the jobs and income of the Negros.. He spoke to the workers in the Memphis but violence also disturbed the campaign.Role in politics and state policiesMartin Luther King openly opposed the American policies towards Vietnam. He declared war as inequitable decision and it cannot win by any mean. He laid stress towards peaceful negotiations. Furthermore, he explained that this war have weekend the American parsimony as well as had Negative impacts on the civil right movements. King had very good relations with john F Kennedy22. During his presidential elections campaign in 1960 King supported him and urged the Negroes community to support him. With the avail of Kennedy, King purposed civil rights bill in congress. However, Eisenhower23 was against Martin Luther Kings policy about the racial inequa lity but he accepted the two bills in 1957 and 1960. (History wired 1994).character assassinationKings assassination was a controversial one. King visited Memphis where he addressed to a Rally at Mason temple24. On 4 April 1968, his flight delayed due to a bomb threat in his flight so He favourite(a) to stay there. King stayed at Lorraine Motel. in the evening he was gunned subject while he was standing in the Balcony of second floor. King was shifted to the infirmary but he was expired. He was 39 year old at the time of assassination. Two months after the assassination of King, James Earl Ray25 captured at Heathrow airport. He was charged with Kings gain and he accepted the murder charge but he rejected it after three Days. He further nominated a person who was also involved in the assassination. This Contradiction led the assassination into a new controversy and it became a mystery until now.Personal achievementsMartin Luther King struggle earned him several achievements in his life. His efforts for the rights of Negroes made him a great leader. During his life, He honored with 50 honorary Degrees. King also awarded with noble peace prize, American liberties medallion in 1964. in America more than 700 hundred cities and streets are name after the King. King was stood 1st in a American contest organized by American multinational mass media corporation(AOL26. )King is also included in the list of hundred African- American great personalities. There is also public Holiday on his birthday in United States. (public commentry 1996)SignificanceMartin Luther King emerged as a significant character in the American history. His struggle for Civil and social rights earned him a dignifying status not only in United States but also completely crosswise the world. It is because of his efforts American people gathered at a uniform central office form by negating the factor of racial discrimination. The segregations and deprivation ended. The peaceful movement led by hi m uprooted the violence in United States. The condemnation against Vietnam War27 also enforced American administration to revise their policies towards the Vietnamese. Kings efforts provided a breakthrough to the Black has to participate in the social and political personal matters at grand level. Barack Obama, current American president is the first Afro-American president of the United States. Condoleezza Rice was Also African-American who remained secretary of the states during provide administration.CriticismMartin Luther King (Junior) was criticized for his civil right campaign and it was considered it provoKing violence28. The civil rights movements might endanger the whole society and community. (wendt 1966). In 1957, there was propaganda of a post card in which King was Accused of organism communist. King also got a letter in which his decency and religion was Questioned. the source declared it defected. there were allegations of cheating oh he wife and Involvement in se x scandals reported by FBI29.ConclusionMartin Luther King (Junior) was a great leader in the American history. He devoted his whole life For a divine cause of humanity. His struggle and determinations have provided a new Mechanism to the whole humanity. He raised his voice for Deprivation of rights, social injustice And peace. His remarkable contributions provided Americans a new way out to move on collectively as nation. His personal achievement depicts his intellectual effectiveness and moral credibility. He refused the acceptance of status quo. He acted in accord with his highest values. He always acknowledged the sacrifices of his followers. This spirit never allowed him to settle or compromise on his ideology He always emphasized that his state should negate three things war, poverty and Racism. He was a man of lecture who won the hearts of millions, though he is no More in the world but history will always remember his for what he had done for humanity. Bibliographycarson, c layborne. Auto Biogarphy of Martin luther King. Atlanta Abacus, 1992.History wired. March tuesday, 1994. http//historywired. si. edu/detail. cfm?ID=501.MichaelHyatt. MichaelHyatt. 1998. http//michaelhyatt. com/eight-leadership-lessons-from-martin-luther-King-jr. html.network, acquisition. teaching and learning with new york times. new york times, 1964 04.Pipes, Kasey S. IKES Final battle. los Angeles ,CA world Ahead media, 2007.public commentry. public commentry centre of justice, 1996 04.wendt, lloyed. Danger in displays. Augest 6, 1966 12.11 The autobiography of martin Luther King2 The Kings speech3 Times magazine article4 Highest civilian award of America5 Award of national academy of recordings of arts and sciences6 Christian religious belief, bathing the new born baby7 The angriest I ever been, times magazine article 19968 teacher of Martin Luther King ,public school9 Separate school for Blacks ,Atlanta,193010 Dexter Avenue ,King remained pastor11 National oldest and l argest civil right organization 1909.12 Civil right activist, known for Montgomery bus boycott13 push back By ROSA park ,civil movement 1,Dec 195514 Baptist Minister, Democratic party ,Friend of Martin Luther King JR15 Southern leadership conference, NGO 1957,civil rights16 American conviction Human Rights, civil rights activist 196017 Washington D. C 1963,Famous speech18 Protestors attacked by state troops,7 March 1965 Sunday19 Central committee for conscientious objectors,194820 Sunday 7 October 1967,Blacks voters fitting21 Military controls the city to maintain the peace22 35th American president 1961-196323 34th American president 1953-196024 Kings last speech, Central Headquarter Christian international sanctuary25 Alton born, known for Kings Assassination26 American multimedia mass corporation2728 Danger in Demonstration by Lloyd wendt 196629 The Federal Bureau of investigation ,United states intelligence Agency,