What is the Purpose of the War on Terror? Essay -- Terrorism Essays

The War On Terror. It is a name that brings many strong thoughts and emotions to principal for Americans still to this today. It is has been Americas longest war, most expensive war, and a deadly conflict. All in all, the Iraqi War from 2003 to 2011 brought a cost of 500,000 lives from civilians to militants (Vergano 1). Among the U.S. army alone it is estimated that round 900,000 veterans have had some form of injury ranging from PTSD to amputations (Ruis 1). Not to mention, many experts say once all war reparations have been paid the war result cost upwards of three trillion dollars (Broder 1). That means when the math is done, if the war cost were to be split evenly among all American dwellings, than every family in the U.S. would have to pay $75,000 (Auken 1). When President Barack Obama was campaigning in 2008 he once argued that through various taxes the Iraqi War (2003-2011) was and is costing each America household over $100 a month (Broder 1). With such catastrophic cost and tolls of the thousands of innocent lives where can the foundations for such a war effort begin? end-to-end the years many eyebrow-raising statements have been brought up concerning the war, which quickly begins to make any war effort basis appear shallow and weak. Peter Baker, a originator White House correspondent, wrote a book in which an anonymous senior Bush administration official is quoted saying, The only reason we went into Iraq, I tell people now, is we were looking for somebodys ass to kick. In addition, General John Abizaid, a former head of U.S. Central Command and Military Operations in Iraq for 2007 said, Of course its about oil we cant really deny that, in and interview with CNN (Juhasz 1). With such startling statements over the years... ...heridan, Kerry. Iraq Death Toll Reaches 500,000 Since Start Of U.S.-Led Invasion, New instruct Says. The World Post. HPMG News, 15 Nov. 2013. Web. 04 Mar. Swanson, David. Youre More Likely to Be Killed by a Toddler than a Terrorist. Washingtons Blog. Washington Post, 12 June 2013. Web. 23 Mar. 2014.Staff, CNN. Bin Ladens Death How the reputation Unfolded. CNN. Cable News Network, 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.Gipe, Paul. For the Price of the Iraq War, The U.S. Could Have a 100% Renewable Power System. Washingtons Blog. Washington Blogs, 11 Apr. 2013. Web. 27 Feb. 2014.Templeton, Tom. 9/11 in Numbers. The Observer. protector News and Media, 17 Aug. 2002. Web. 21 Mar. 2014.Vergano, Dan. Half-Million Iraqis Died in the War, New Study Says. National Geographic Daily News. National Geographic Society, 15 Oct. 2013. Web. 04 Mar. 2014.

Janie and the Pear Tree in Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale H

Janie and the Pear Tree in Their Eyes Were Watching divinity by Zora Neale Hurston In Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God, the image of a pear head reverberates throughout the novel. The pear tree is not only a design of Janies life - blossoming, death, metamorphosis, and rebirth - but also the spark of curiosity that sets Janie on her quest for self-discovery. Janie is essentially rootless at the beginning of her life, never having known her become or father and having been raised by her grandmother, Nanny. Nanny even says to Janie, Us colored folks is branches without roots and that makes things come round in queer ship canal (Hurston, 16). Under a pear tree in Nannys backyard, however, Janie, as a nave sixteen-year-old, finds the possibilities of love, sexuality, and identity that are available to her. This image, forever reverberating in her mastermind through two unsuccessful marriages to Logan Killicks and Joe Starks, is what keeps Janies spirit alive and enc ourages her quest for love and life. It followed her through all her waking moments and caressed her in her sleep (10). Under the pear tree on that spring afternoon, Janie sees sensuality wherever she looks. The first tiny bloom had opened. It had called her to come and gaze on a mystery. From barren brown stems to glistening leaf-buds to snow-white virginity of bloom. It stirred her tremendously (10). Gazing across the garden... ...ots her memory, the blossoms her dreams, and the branches her vision. After each unsuccessful marriage, she waits for the springtime pollen to be sprinkled over her life once again. Even after Tea Cakes death, she has a garden of her own to sit and revel in. Works CitedAppiah, K.A. and provide, Henry Louis, Jr. eds. Zora Neale Hurston Critical Perspectives Past and Present. New York Amistad Press, Inc., 1993. Bond, Cynthia. Language, Sign, and Difference in Their Eyes Were Watching God. Appiah and Gates 204-17. Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Wat ching God. New York Harper & Row Publishers, Inc., 1990. Wright, Richard. Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937). Appiah and Gates 16.

Why Are Gasoline Prices Going Up So High? Essay examples -- essays res

Why Are Gasoline Prices Going Up So High?If everyone else in the human beings is paying a sell more for gas, why shouldntAmericans? Take your average spoiled American who blames the Arabs for raisingthe gas prices below the belt in order to make a bigger profit. Its authentic, gas priceshave gone up by a lot in the last a few(prenominal) months, but is that unfair? Prices stillare a lot higher in Canada, Europe and just about any other developed nation,harmonize to Mike Royko in the May 2, 1996 issue of the Chicago Tribune. Ted Z.Manuel in a letter entitled "Voice of the People" of the Chicago Tribune, said"Most anyplace in Europe, gas costs are from $3.00 to $5.00 per gallon. Wescream when it hits a $1.35 to $1.75 a gallon, which if adjusted for inflationactually is cheaper than 25 years ago." It seems that Americans just think theworld owes them a favor. Maybe its time that they start playing fairly andstop feeling so sorry for themselvesAccording to many arti cles, Americans have a lot more to be thankful for thanthey do to complain about. For one, cars use gas a lot more efficiently thanthey did in the past. According to Royko, "even todays luxuriousness cars give youbetter gas mileage than the cheapest Chevies, Fords and Plymouths did not thatlong ago." What does this mean? This means that gas prices should logically goup. Its the basic law of supply and demand. Its true that more Americans aredriving, but the gasoline suppliers still deserve to get p...

The Real Purpose of a University Education Essay -- Argumentative Educ

The Real Purpose of a University EducationAll my life I knew I would be attendance college. There never seemed to be any other option available as far as I knew. I never really stop to think about whether or not it was necessary for me, or why it was so important I was just funneled into the college curriculum in high school. I have attended the University of Arkansas for three years now, and have heard two main arguments over the purpose of a college education. One is that college is a spatial relation to drop back for a job, and the other is that college should be an institute of higher learning with no real focus on a future job. Challenged to form an prospect on this matter, I finally decided that neither side is absolutely right. In fact, I decided that the purpose of college should not even be an issue. College is what the savant recognises it. However they view college, all of the students pull up stakes come out with just about very similar experiences and ben efits. I often hear professors grumbling about students who fatiguet value learning for the sake of learning. They feel that students who view college as job training may as well be in some vocational school, leaving university life for the more enlightened among us. This seems ridiculous to me. The majority of people in the United States will have to get jobs in vagabond to support themselves or their families until retirement. So, you may as well plan to get a good job that pays well and you enjoy. What better place to plan and train for a future job that college? First of all, college provides students with an opportunity to explore different subjects and to find out what they truly love doing. Also, according to a 1994 College Board Study, college students will make an av... ...this, imagine the possibilities of a college education. Obviously, all of these things that you gain from college that I have discussed in reference to society could also be applied to finding jobs. A potential employer would find any of these qualities attractive. However, as already mentioned, this is beside the point. I think we should stop wasting time fussing over the purpose of a university education, and simply make it whatever you want it to be. If youre here to get prepared for a job, then do it. While youre at it, learn something you did not inevitably plan to. You may enjoy it. If youre here to become absorb knowledge like a sponge, then do it. While youre at it, you get ready for a future career. You may need a job someday. It doesnt matter if you attend college to get a job or to become enlightened--the benefits will come either way.

Media Manipulation Essay -- essays research papers

The media and advertising hinder do indeed hinder our being fully human. down media including radio, television and newspapers endeavors to shape public opinion on a variety of things. The media attempts to manipulate those values instilled by parents and society in general, thus taking off from our being human. Messages designed to influence peoples attitudes, desires and decisions fall upon society urging those people to buy a certain product, vote for a certain political figure, or support a worthy cause. The daily attack of media and advertising persuade the public to be one and the same, rather than allowing them to function as humans who attach to their own beliefs.Public opinion is formed through media propaganda. The network of communication systems radio, magazines, newspaper, television, and films informs those exposed as to their roles in society and their culture. Advertising has but one excogitation to sell a product or service or to promote a political figure by any and all means necessity including brainwashing the general public. Companies try to make the consumer aware of its product and convince the world that its product is better than that of the competitor as seen with the war between McDonalds and Burger poove restaurants. This misuse of triggering the subconscious minds induces the public to buy things without knowing they have been deceived.Parents have the heaviest influence in shaping on...

Media Manipulation Essay -- essays research papers

The media and advertising hinder do indeed hinder our being fully human. Mass media including radio, television and newspapers endeavors to shape public opinion on a variety of things. The media attempts to manipulate those values instilled by parents and purchase order in general, thus taking away from our being human. Messages designed to influence peoples attitudes, desires and decisions fall upon society urging those people to buy a certain product, vote for a certain political figure, or support a worthy cause. The daily assail of media and advertising persuade the public to be one and the same, rather than allowing them to function as humans who follow their own beliefs.Public opinion is formed by media propaganda. The network of communication systems radio, magazines, newspaper, television, and films informs those exposed as to their roles in society and their culture. Advertising has but one purpose to sell a product or return or to promote a political figure by any an d all means necessary including brainwashing the general public. Companies try to make the consumer awake of its product and convince the world that its product is better than that of the competitor as seen with the war between McDonalds and Burger King restaurants. This misuse of triggering the subconscious minds induces the public to buy things without conditioned they have been deceived.Parents have the heaviest influence in shaping on...

Art and Cultural Study Essay

Art has always been a significant part of any culture and society. Prominent artist are people who settle a contribution not only to the worlds cultural heritage, but also make a certain country famous and sluice a bit special. In my opinion my favorite artist would be Pablo Picasso. Pablo Picasso, known as one of the most influential artists of the twentieth century. I shall consecrate the evolution of a young Pablo Picasso to the experienced genius that had shaped the way we see art today. From his Blue and Rose periods through the birth of Cubism, to the struggles of the experimental thirties.Picasso mostly took his subjects from real life, although many of his abstract works look anything but life-like. He was big on portraits, nudes, families and children and scenes from rural life and carnivals. He also featured a lot of still life, including newspapers, vases with flowers, fruit and many instruments, especially the guitar.He inspired a whole movement into Cubism. He revolu tionized art in a sense. In the art world he was the first to create works that explored the world a bit divers(prenominal)ly. With a greater understanding of Picasso and his contribution to art. He started appear creating the realistic art that you may be more to consider real art. Essentially, he mastered it, and then created something entirely new.I just grapple Pablos work because it is very unique and different. He was one of the first people to look at the world and its many creatures in a different way. He didnt just paint what he wanted to or do anything randomly, but painted life as he really saw it. Pablo was very charming and he had a lot of passion. Pablo had a new way of doing art that was interesting coupled with his charisma and passion.

Field Study 2

LOOKING THROUGH THE MEANINGFUL LEARNING EXPERIENCE Name of Fs student Xysha Mae M. Roldriguez Course Bachelor in Elementary Education Year terzetto Resource teacher Josephine G. Paulin jot ______________ Cooperating School Monkayo underlying Elementary School Name of School Observed Monkayo Central Elementary School School Address Monkayo, Compostela V all(prenominal)ey Province Date of Visit September October 2012 1. What principles in didactics development were comm just now applied? the principles in teaching skill commonly applied were the learning environment is supportive and productive.And that learning is an active service which begins and ends in their cognitive aspects. 2. What ar the instructional materials use in teaching? The instructional materials used ar picture flash cards, charts, visual aids, and books. 3. Which of the principles in teaching facilitate the cognitive, metacognitive and positive motivational process of learning? Promote estimation as part of the learning process. Students (and sometimes instructors) typically see assessments as purely summative something that teachers do to students at the end of a topic.Building the perception that (most) assessment tasks argon part of the learning process includes encourage students learning from what they did and did not do well as well as having students winning some ownership of and responsibility for aspects of assessment. It likewise includes teachers ensuring that they are assessing for a range of aspects of quality learning wider range of skills than is often the case. Scribble a brief reflectiveness of your feelings and insights from your observation experience. * The teacher is responsible in aiming the development of imaginative and diminutive skills. Creative thinking involves reating something new or original. It involves the skills of flexibility, originality, fluency, elaboration, brainstorming, modification, imagery, associative thinking, attribute list ing, metaphorical thinking, and obligate relationships. The aim of creative thinking is to stimulate curiosity and promote divergence. While critical thinking fecal matter be thought of as more left-brain and creative thinking more right brain, they both involve thinking. When we talk somewhat HOTS higher-order thinking skills were concentrating on the top three levels of Blooms Taxonomy analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.The teacher moldiness not only ask questions that begins with what, who, where and when because these are low level questions. In order to develop the thinking skills the teacher should exercise questions like how and why, this is one way to develop their critical and creative thinking skills. Learners Characteristics and Needs Name of Fs student Xysha Mae M. Roldriguez Course Bachelor in Elementary Education Year III Resource Teacher Josephine G. Paulin Signature ______________ Cooperating School Monkayo Central Elementary SchoolDescription of Teaching Stra tegies * Classroom strategies used by the teachers are collaborative/ creative learning in which students work together in small groups to accomplish a common learning goal. They carefully planned and executed the activity impartn. Next, is the handling strategies were in the students are engage in discussion that deepens their learning and motivation by developing their own views and hear their own voices. A good environment for interaction is the first step in encouraging students to talk. Description of learning activities The learning activities done by the students and teacher were successful. Wherein the students were able to participate in the given activity and cooperate with each other. They actively participated take down though some students got the wrong answers. The learning activity given gave the students impact in their cognitive and psychomotor skills. It helps them think ideas by answering the activity. Their personalities were developed because the teacher inte grated values in her lessons. Description of learners participation (proportion of learners who participated and quality of participation) There was a high percentage of participation in row. There were only a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) students who did not participate in class. There is a good quality of participation in class since majority participated in the activities. They learn to participate wherein they can develop their self confidence and communication skills. Scribble a brief reflection of your feelings and insights from your observation experience. -learning is an active process. The teacher should actively engage the learners in learning activities.For we all know that no one can learn for us, in the same way that nobody can eat and sleep for us. So, teachers should give opportunities for students to actively participate in classroom activities. There should be hands-on-minds- on learning. Yet, the most effective approaches according to the researchers ar e learning by doing and learning by teaching others. Assisting a Teacher with a Teachers Toolbox Name of Fs student Xysha Mae M. Roldriguez Course Bachelor in Elementary Education Year III Resource Teacher Josephine G.Paulin Signature ______________ Cooperating School Monkayo Central Elementary School Subject Observed English School Monkayo Central Elementary SchoolYear IV hyaloplasm Subject Matter Objectives Instructional Materials Learning Activities Assessment Tools put ond Parts of Speech & Figures of Speech To prepare the students for the coming finals- Mastery of the Parts of obstetrical deli very and Figures of speech Visual Aids- Textbooks Review- Discussion- Recitation Drills- Graded Recitation- Board Work- Quiz - Observation ReportThe first nonsubjective of the lesson is preparing the students for the finals, next is the Mastery of the Parts of Speech and Figures of Speech and the third object is to make the students realize how historic the lessons are in the next level and how they can use it in daily life. Learning activities such as discussion, review, yarn was facilitated by the teacher and she used drills, board work and a quiz as her assessment tools. The students were all participating, and knew most of the answers and were even able to give examples of every figure of speech asked for them to define.They withal know how to analyze the sentences given on the board on how sentence linguistic rules are used such as S-LV-C pattern and S-TV-DO pattern. The teacher knew that the students will learn better with enough practice and she encourages all of them to speak to build their confidence to recite in class. tout ensemble of the activities she engages the students in are all a part of her lesson plan so she can reach her objectives for that day. If I were the teacher I would use activities that will cover the learning process holistically and a plan that will be utilized to obtain the objectives that I set for the students to rea ch.I will also use other activities that will enhance their mixer skills and language competency such as role playing. Analysis 1. What are the objectives of the lesson, the subject matter, learning activities and assessment tools used by the teacher? The first objective is to prepare the students for the coming finals. The teacher was able to clear this part of her objectives because Ive seen how the students perform during the class activity and I can say that most of them are ready for finals despite the fact that belong to section 5. Next is the Mastery of the 8 Parts of speech and Figures of speech.This objective was achieved around 80-85 percent of the class. The discussion was very effective because it gives the students a sense of familiarity because they learn better using this kind of activity. The board work and drills were also effective in making the students apply everything they analyze for the upcoming finals. They were not only ready for the exam but they also carr y the life lessons that the teacher has instilled in their hearts. The teacher wanted the students to realize how important the lessons are in the next level and how they can use it in daily life.The integration of values in the lessons is always practiced by the teacher in any class she handles and I admire her for doing that. We as future teachers must know that we are not only mind enhancers but also heart and spirit molders. 2. How do the learners participate in the activities? I must admit that I dont know if I should be affect with the teacher or with the students. Why? Because the students were active participants of the class when most people would expect that these kids are no good at all because when asked they answer, when requested to give an example they perform. They even recite in.The question is do they perform this well in other subjects? If this is the same scenario I would see with other teachers, then they are without a doubt a very good class. But Ive observed o ther teachers too and I must say the teacher is psyche who has an aura that makes the students well-behaved. The moment they see her coming students go to their seats its not because she is a terror teacher but she already reached the classroom humour which is a business-like but non-threatening atmosphere. The students participated actively, with very good answers and listened attentively to everything that the teacher has to say.So I think its in the teacher if the students would act out or be unruly on how she will handle these things. The students can smell fear and they can take advantage of that if they wanted to. These students are more impressive than the 3-4. This was the arcminute time I observed them and I was still impressed as if I was observing 3-1 students. 3. What reasons does the teacher give in having such learning activities? The teacher first decides on which objectives to work on by using the needs of the students as basis.In this case, it is the needs of the 3-5 that the teacher decides to do a review before the final exam comes. She chose discussion because the students are more adept in learning when it comes to reviewing if she uses this kind of approach in teaching them. To satisfy my curiosity, I interviewed a few students in 3-5 and they admitted that they learn better when the teacher discuss the lesson instead of doing other styles. Since it is almost the end of the school year, the teacher obviously knows how to design her lesson plan and she already knows the best way for the 3-5 students to learn.The teacher knows that the board work enhances the writing skills and grammar skills while the recitation covers mostly speaking skills, social skills and building ones self-confidence. Quizzes also help the teacher evaluate how removed the students have reached in terms of the lesson. So we cant do away with any of these things when it comes to teaching. We cant leave out anything because they are all important. The plan must be c omplete or the system would fall apart. We have to consider everything because all these things are a part of the teaching-learning process. . If you were the teacher, what activities, materials and assessment tools will you use? Why? I cant say I would only focus on a single activity but I have to utilize all the learning activities I have learned on my major subjects especially this semester I have learned a lot of activities and studied on how to use materials that can be utilized to encourage speaking and enhance grammar in class such as maps, graphic organizers, role playing, group projects, group games, interactive discussion, cooperative learning and many more.I also learned about the different types of assessment tools such as rubrics, exams, portfolios and others. Of course it is not only the students who are being considered here but also the lesson and how it relates to a certain material, activity and evaluation. Activities, materials and assessment tools must be in sync with the objectives so it will be a smooth flow all byout the period. I plan to use a variety of techniques to know what is suitable for the students. To find out what is their special skills are or what kind of learner they are.And which activities they are weak in and make that failing disappear or if not help them cope with it. What they lack in something must be compensated by another skill. Through using these things as tools in the correct way, the success rate of teaching-learning process is in very good hands. Reflections 1. What insights/learning & new understandings have you gained from your experience? I have in truth learned a lot from this semester. All the observing experiences made me see all the important facts in being a teacher. They made me realize about a lot of things not just in teaching but also about life.These experiences are by far the most fruitful of all in my school life. I learned to manage my time, worry about important things in life and see the t eacher in me. Good teachers are full of passion, well prepared for their lesson, have anticipatory skills and of course live with integrity. Aside from knowledge, teachers must possess positive attitudes and admirable work ethics. One sees these qualities through the way activities are facilitated by the teacher, how the materials are organized and prepared, and another thing is how the assessment tools are used.The assessment must never be used to punish the student. This is where positive attitude comes in. Dedication, hard work and punctuality are also important. We should demonstrate not just the lesson but also the process by which we learn. All teachers must realize that part of their job is to teach their students how to learn. Ive learned that metacognition comes in when we focus on learning how to learn. Teachers must also learn from their mistakes, and test continually with ways to improve their strategies and teaching methods.GUIDING PRINCIPLES IN THE SELECTION AND USE OF TEACHING STRATEGIES Name of FS Student______________________________________________________________ Course_______________________________________ Year & Section _____________________ Resource Teacher 1_____________Signature ______________Date______________ Resource Teacher 2_____________ Signature ______________Date______________ Resource Teacher 3_____________Signature______________ Date______________ Cooperating School_______________________________________________________________My Target In this Episode, I must be able to * Write evidence of application of some guiding principles in the selection use of teaching strategies My Tool As I observe a class, I will use the Observation Sheet for a more focused observation. OBSERVATION SHEET Name of the Resource Teachers Observed________________,__________________,________________School Address_________________________________________________Date___________________Grade/ Year Level _________________________________ Subject Area ____ _____________________Guiding Principles in the Selection and Use of Strategies Teaching Behavior/s of the Resource Teacher that Applies the Principles 1. Learning is an active process. 1. 2. The more senses are involve, the more and the better the learning. 2. 3. A non threatening environment enhances learning. 3. 4. feeling has the power to increase retention and learning. 4. 5. Good teaching goes beyond recall of information. 5. 6. Learning is meaningful when it is connected to the students everyday life. 7. An integrated teaching approach is far more effective than teaching isolated bits of information.

Low Employee Morale And High Employee Turnover Rates Commerce Essay

Hira Group comprises of two province of the art fabric units by the name of Hira textile Mills moderate and Hira Terry Mills Limited located adjacent to each other at 8km from Manga Raiwand Road, Lahore. Hira stuff produces cotton narration with the installation of an in rear deceasing unit and Hira Terry manufactures towels.A The units, apart from bring forthing and exporting their several merchandises all across the cosmos, argon oerly a all right exercise of perpendicular integ rate where at fourth dimensions the merchandise narration is obtained from Hira Textile and optimally weaved to do towels in Hira Terry. Hira Textile Mills has leash offices, Corporate HQ in Lahore and one office in US and Canada, severally. ( Hira Textile Mills caller web site )VisionA dynamic profit fitted and professionally managed successful restore fundamental law. ( Hira Textile Mills Annual Report, 2011 )MissionHira Textile Mills Ltd is committed to the highest criterions of unity, hones tness, openness and professionalism in all of its activities whenever they be undertaken. We, the Management Team of HTML argon endeavoring to bankrupt the quality of narration by continuously bettering its fabrication installations. We be committed to pointing the Company at the vertex of the industry by ful change our valued clients, shoot awaying superior re term of enlistments for stockholders, by supplying congenial cypher environs where the employees feel muckle of the transcription and be a near(a) incorporated citizen by harbour throughing our societal duties. ( Hira Textile Mills Annual Report, 2011 )Future PlansAlthough the unrestricted presentation of the caller-out is rather satis reckony during the twelvemonth tho the future market state of ad hominem business is altering to adversely due to diminish in the narration mo nettary values, and increase in pays, markup rates and other stimulant drug costs. The concern is taking the couch of consolidation for the minute and taking advantage of raw(a) fabric policy 2009 by moderately heightening its direct and indirect exports by bettering productiveness and quality. aggressive selling scheme has been the major factor in HTM consistent profit suitableness over the last old ages. In the visible radiation of the Company s overall objectives the Board of Directors on a regular origination review the Company s scheme concern programs and put public presentation tag consequently. ( Hira Textile Mills Annual Report, 2011 )Businesss and MerchandisesHira Terry Mills is a province of the art Terry merchandises fabricating relieve oneselfs apparatus in Lahore, Pakistan. The imparts was come out up in late 2006-early 2007 with new machinery comprising of chiefly European machinery from Germany ( Dornier Air Jet Looms, Theis Dyeing, Schumale uninterrupted Double-Needle Side Hemming, Spain ( Anglada Continuous Finishing retrace ) , Switzerland ( Benninger Weaving readying ) and japan ( Kin dai Continuous Side Hemming, Barudan Cross Hemming and Infinity Continuous Slitting ) . The Plant is a vertically incorporate Terry maker, which has the production capableness of fabrication, all in house, yarns to towels.A The works has a big assortment of cottons in its spinning operations and is a certified manufacturer of Supima, Egyptian and Organic Cotton narrations. In add-on, it carries a assortment of other cottons such as Australian, Brazilian, California ( US ) and Turkish Cottons in medium basic and Pima and Egyptian in long staple fibres. This gives it a alone place in the market to serve better-best quality towels.The scope of merchandises extends toCotton Towels made from Supima, Pima, Giza and Pakistani cottons with possibility in Combed, Zero thingumabob, Soft Twist narrations.Merchandises range to Bathrobes, Bath towels, Hand towels and Face towels.Density in towel scopes from 400GSM to 1100GSM.Hira Textile Mills is equipped with the most modern machinery in revol ution, duplicating and yarn dyeing.The whirling units comprises of 40,000 spindles.The merchandise scope varies from coarse counts to ticket counts runing from 4/1cd to 80/1cm, bring forthing Ringing Spun every bit level-headed as Compact spun narrations, Slub and Lycra narrations. puke frames with car levellers and conditioning machine from Xorella commit besides been installed for farther betterments in the quality of narration in the of all time increasing international criterions of the universe market.CottonCombedCardedSlubPakistani8/1-40/16/1-10/15.5/1-20/1Egyptian10/1-100/16/1-13/1Ameri toilet16/1- 40/1Australian16/1- 40/1Organic ( Skal Certified )10/1-30/1Pima ( Supima Certified )13/1-100/16/1-13/1 low Hira Textile Mills company web site ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.hiramills.com.pk/ )Purpose of the StudyAt the start of this thesis study an explorative meeting was held with Hira Textile Mills ( HTM ) CEO, Mr. Nadeem Butt in bless to inquiry how the human imaging s section house be im testd and whether there were any on-going HR link up issues that the house was confronting. It was brought to attending that one of the most of deduction assets of the company was its employees and had it non been for them the company would non hold been successful in the past, particularly after the new Terry unit was installed. In order to guarantee its uninterrupted festering HTM wants to safeguard its most of conditional relation plus, its heap. Mr. Nadeem Butt brought into visible radiation the issue of employee morale non being what it one time you use to be, one indi ratt he had was an increasing employee turnover rate. As the company grew and more than passel were inducted, it became harder and harder to keep the same head of ardor, causality and trueness which was one time shared across all direction stops, in the starting yearss of the company. macroscopicalr pigeonholings of companies like Nishat, Crescent, Sapphire, Nakhshbandi etc. corroborate become more unionized and mercenary and hence attract good employees. But if HTM is to last among the giants, it is indispensable to develop and retain a pool of efficient human resources. With the senior direction approaching retirement, it has become of all time more of spell out to concentrate on retaining and beef uping its well trained in-between direction for sequence planning. I was asked to look into ( I ) Whether low employee morale even exists or is it barely the managers perceptual experience and ( two ) IF it does be, what is doing it and ( three ) how to cover with high employee turnover.Research QuestionTherefore my look for head is Is the employee morale depression, IF so, what are the causa behind low employee morale and high employee turnover rates at Hira Textile Mills? Research AimsWhat are the accredited monetary and non-financial techniques being used by HTM.Determine the several wideness assigned by employees to these fiscal and non-financi al inducements.Determine how cope with employees are with their several fiscal and non-financial lucres.What is the current degree of employee spring and trueness.How attractive an employer HTM is in its employee s eyes.Determine the consequence of fiscal inducements versus non-financial inducements on employee trueness and actor.Importance of fiscal inducements versus non-financial inducements at diametrical organisational degrees ( scorn direction, in-between direction and upper direction ) .Research MethodologyThis survey was conducted utilizing a matter-of-fact attack, that is, assorted methods were used. The start of this research survey was explorative research, in which the descent was discovered, defined and agreed upon through informal meetings with the CEO and the HR section the descriptive portion of the survey consisted of garnering informations to fundamentally point out what is presently go oning, the position quo that is and the explanatory portion of this survey was the illations derived ground on the epitome of the gathered informations.A combination of qualitative and quantitative research was undertaken to roll up first-hand informations for this survey. and first manus informations will be collected for the intent of this research undertaking be bring on no secondary informations beginnings exist as this is a house particular proposition issue, barely a thorough literature reappraisal was conducted to polish and enrich the research methodological analysis and to heighten the research worker s sagaciousness of the research subject.For qualitative research the undermentioned technique was usedIn-depth InterviewsThe chief ground for taking in-depth interviews was the consideration that since the participants belong to the same company, they will non portion their open(a) and honest positions with the group, had the focal point group treatment technique been used. Besides, in-depth interviews provide a opportunity to the resea rch worker to examine deeper in to apparent on the surface issues in order to uncover the nucleus jobs. However, the most of import restriction of this technique is that the point of position received is of moreover an person. It is best to engage in-depth interviews to research the general job country or to travel profoundly into a job, e.g. constringeing which variables to overwhelm in the quantitative phase of the survey and which 1s to exclude.The tool used to continue on quantitative research wasSurvey QuestionnaireThis study questionnaire was administered via electronic mail. This was do because ( a ) This method was more convenient, ( B ) respondents were all educated bus to understand inquiries in the written signifier and ( degree Celsius ) since merely a selected figure of employees were to be questioned, on the topographic point in the flesh questionnaire filling would hold made the respondents cautious and brought prejudice in their sentiments. Other grounds for t aking questionnaires as the informations aggregation instrument are ( Khan, 2007 ) The usage of questionnaire for aggregation of informations is comparatively inexpensive compared to other methods.Questionnaire push aside easy be coded and analyzed. They were more conformable to statistical analysis.They provide be speedy to administrate, enabling feedback on many things to be gathered in a few proceedingss.They can be used anonymously, leting scholars the opportunity at least of giving forbid feedback without the embarrassment of giving it publically.The opportunity of prejudice would be minimum because the respondent would liberate of any force per unit area of being observed through these tools.However, questionnaire technique of informations assemblage besides has some disadvantages ( Khan, 2007 ) The Ticky Box syndrome Peoples become conditioned to do instant responses to inquiries. Geting through the questionnaire rapidly becomes a virtuousness. Responses are made on a surf ace degree of believing instead than as a consequence of contemplation and critical thought.The Performing Dogs syndrome Many people make fulling in questionnaires tend to delight the research worker. They can normally state which responses will delight the people giving them the questionnaire and the people whose work is involved in the issues covered by the questionnaire. If they like the people, they are likely to notice favourably on things.Lost Learning chances syndrome Questionnaires are frequently used after the event instead than during it. This tends to minimise any subsisting acquisition results of the procedure of finishing questionnaires.The wysiwyg syndrome What you see is what you get . Questionnaires produce feedback on the peculiar issues covered but frequently non on other of import issues. There is a inclination to plan questionnaires which will give positive feedback.Blue, Rosy and Purple, questionnaire A major restriction of most questionnaires is that respons es are colored by how people feel at the minute of make fulling them in. If the same questionnaire were used a few yearss subsequently, some responses may be wholly diametric. Yet the consequences are frequently statistically analyzed as though they reflected lasting reactions to inquiries and issues instead than fleeting, transeunt reactions.This survey was executed in three partsPart I Qualitative Research In-depth interviews conducted with employees at assorted degrees of HTM and from different sections.Part II Quantitative Research Using the qualitative research findings a questionnaire was developed to prove these findings. Once the field work completed and informations was tabulated in excel format, ready for use and extraction, it was analyzed to reply the research inquiry and get through the stated research aims.Part III Report Writing, Formatting and Referencing This is the concluding phase of the research survey. In this phase all the tabulated informations, its resea rch consequences and analysis are articulated into a standardised study format with proper citing to avoid plagiarism.Literature ReviewThe relevancy of this thesis subject can be derived from the get shovel ining lines of Rihova s article ( 2009 ) which argues that The basis of a company s success is aA chiseled and enforced corporate scheme which the whole company lives In order for a company to successfully make its strategic ends, its employees need to experience closely connected to the ( corporate ) scheme s values and way and do to carry through the company s designated ends . Two of import things have been mentioned here by the writer, foremost, holding a well defined corporate scheme is polar to any company s success and secondly, unless there is a strong connexion between the employees and these ends, employees are non likely to be activated. In other words, the employer needs to do corporate ends as unambiguous ( this will assist in giving way ) and relevant for the employees as possible, so that a strong connexion can be made, hence, giving manner to fountain for employees. However, this only if does non incite motive but instead it is the necessary status which needs to be fulfilled for other motive techniques and tools to work efficaciously. Therefore, doing the thesis research inquiry, Which allowance technique reaps the highest degree of motive and trueness towards the organisation? a cardinal subject to be looked into.Ivana Rihova farther states that To find the outlooks, the company s strategic ends are broken down in item to the degree of ordinary employees.Employees so seek motive to run into the designated ends in which the company is able to assist them by puting attainable conditions and steps. Hence, the public presentation of employees corresponds to how the work and bribes ( both fiscal and non-financial ) meet the employee s demands. Conditionss and steps here summon to the substructure, regulations & A ordinances a nd the criterion operating processs that define how work is done in a company and besides serve to enable the employees to transport out their strains efficaciously. This is correspondent to the 7-S model s hardware and package . The point that the writer intends to foreground here is that engrossss should be based on employees demands otherwise it will non be able to egg on them.At this occasion the writer challenges the conventional belief that the higher(prenominal) the fiscal charterss, the higher the motive of an employee by saying that many studies and experiments have been conducted over the old ages which yield a different consequence. Although fiscal netss are a hygiene factor and make lend towards motive, it does non intend that they are the most optimal motive accelerator. Fiscal wagess can merely actuate employees up to a certain point, after which non-financial wagess are more utile in making motive. This decisiveness is besides validated by economic sciences the fight curve of a item-by-item employee is a downward U form curve with figure of labour hours on the X-axis and the corresponding wage on the Y-axis. This downward U form of the curve depicts that up to a certain point an employee is willing to work more hours for more wage, but beyond the extremum of the downward U curve the employee genuinely prefers to work less hours for each increase in salary. It is particularly at this point that non-financial motive comes in ready to hand. Hence, there is a demand to plan a balanced compensation system which includes fiscal aswell as non-financial wagess. Indeed, the HR map can be expected to put regulations, have knowledge and supply support, yet non-financial motive is the duty of direction, viz. senior direction and line direction. Management is truly incorrect to believe that except for direct assignment of undertakings to employees, which is ensured by the direction, the HR map can take attention of and be amenable for all other reactions of employees at work and associated with work. The writer here talks roughly the wide-spread misconception among organisations today where directors assume that all types of wagess, may it be fiscal or non-financial, are the duty of the human resource section. In the writer s sentiment it is merely the fiscal wagess which are the exclusive duty of the human resource section but the load of non-financial wagess should fall chiefly on direction s shoulders more frequently than non.HR Trends of Employee Motivation around the existenceBy and large, in America the growing of Employee Stock Ownership Plans over the past 25 old ages have played a polar liaison in the compensation agreements of employees, associating employees pay mental synthesis with companies overall public presentation, including wide based stock options, addition sharing, net income sharing etc. Over the old ages, research has shown that on norm, employee possession houses are in a place to either l ucifer or to transcend the public presentation of similar houses nevertheless with considerable scattering of consequences. An illustration can be of United Airlines where employee ownership failed to present its promise in certain fortunes while the outstanding success of companies such as SAIC high spots that ownership services to accomplish long term growing specially in extremely competitory industries.In order to cut down rule agent job, it is really of import to oblige employee wage with the house public presentation and affect employees in decision-making procedure. In this manner non merely the employee ownership agreements will cut down any jobs accruing, but besides it would increase the public presentation of the company. One of the most common expostulations to employee ownership inducement programs is the free passenger job. It arises due to the sluttish connexion between an person s public presentation and fiscal wagess, as the work squad gets larger. As there wai ts no possible consequence to the free rider job, many research workers agree with Weitzman and Kruse something more may be needed-something kindred to developing a corporate civilization that emphasizes company spirit, promotes group cooperation, encourages societal enforcement mechanisms, and so forth ( 1990 100 ) .The cardinal improving factors through employee ownership plans are the inducements, engagement and work topographic point environment. The inducements given to employees essential be sufficient to actuate them, engagement must be meaningful for employees to do critical determinations and environment provided should look closely at the free rider job. Consistent with this, researches that have compared workers attitude under employee ownership give a assorted image. Few of the research done have found out higher committedness, motive and contentment among employee-owners, while harmonizing to other researches, there no important difference before and after an emplo yee buyout. Some research workers suggest that organisation appointment and committedness are higher under employee ownership. However, consequences vary significantly from favourable to impersonal on occupation motive, merriment, employee absenteeism, turnover, grudges, hurts and tardiness.A successful organisation is the 1 that is able to get by with the altering demands of its employees and do them experience an of import portion of the organisation. It is the duty of the top direction to hold strong trust relationship with the unhorse degree employees so that the employee plants at their maximal capablenesss. Organizations expect the workers to follow the regulations and ordinances of the house and work consequently. They need to maintain in head the criterions set for them the employee expects cypher, good wage construction, safe working environment, nevertheless intervention and unafraid calling along with engagement in determination devising procedure. The outlooks of t he employees and organisational caputs vary from one house to another. For the houses to turn to such outlooks, it is really of import to hold a thorough apprehension of employee motive.Understanding MotivationHarmonizing to a research done at Piketin Ressearch and Extension Center and Enterprise Center, there are certain factors usurpationing the motive degree of any employee. These factors include interesting work, good wage construction, grasp of work done, occupation security, straitlaced working conditions, publicities and growing chances, tactful subject, being an of import portion of the organisation, personal truenesss to workers, and sympathetic aid with personal jobs.The article farther relates these factors with Maslow s need-hierarchy. The top most graded inducing is interesting work, which is besides a ego -actualizing factor. Second inducing is a good wage construction that is a physiological factor. Third is the grasp factor that can besides been seen as self-est eem. Fourth incentive is the occupation security that is the safety factor. Therefore harmonizing to Maslow, out of all, the most of import factors that must be satisfied first are interesting work, physiological, safety, societal and esteem factors.Harmonizing to another survey conducted by Kovach ( 1987 ) , the order of motivational factors for the industrial employees was interesting work, grasp of the work done and experiencing an of import portion of the organisation. On the other manus, another survey conducted by Harpaz ( 1990 ) stratified the motivational factors as interesting work on figure one, nice wage construction as figure two and occupation security as the 3rd of import factor to actuate the employees of the administration. Pay construction was non ranked as an of import motivational factor by Kovach, nevertheless, it was ranked 2nd by Harpaz. Similarly grasp of work done was non ranked as an of import motivational factor by Harpaz, nevertheless, it was tanked 2nd b y Kovach. This proves that the motive of employees differ amongst assorted types of work done in legion organisations. However, interesting work is considered as the most of import factor for employee motive in close any sort of work topographic point.Harmonizing to Butkus and Green ( 1999 ) , motive is derived from the word motivate, which means to carry for fulfilling a demand. Harmonizing to Baron Motivation is a set of procedure concerned with a child of force that energizes behaviour and directs it towards accomplishing some specific ends. Many authors have suggested motive as the end directed behavior. Harmonizing to Kreitner and Kinicki ( 2001 ) , Those psychological procedures that cause the stimulation, continuity of voluntary actions that are end directed .In other words, a motivated person has the consciousness of accomplishing a specific end in some specific manner and so he puts his hear in order to accomplish such end. Therefore, the function of the directors is t o steer the lower degree employees active organisational dockets of how to accomplish its aims.It is really of import to distinguish between motion and motive. Motion does the work for compensation and wage whereas motive is the entire engagement of an person in the work given out to him. Motion can do an employee compel to make the work whereas motive is self realized jubilant of transporting out different undertaking. The research worker emphasized on motive and non motion as motive is the unavoidableness for success because the individual is happy and satisfied with the work irrespective of the compensation. He carries out the undertaking voluntarily without any greed. Motivation is the ground for the achievement of item-by-item in any facet of work. Once the directors understand and agree that employees are of course motivated, they need to supply a nice environment for the employees to heighten their motive.Importance of MotivationPeoples motivate themselves to fulfill their ain personal ends, and hence they invest and give their best in accomplishing the organisational aims in order to run into with their personal ends besides. It would intend that organisational ends are conjugated to personal ends every bit good.The director s occupation is to acquire work done from the employees under him but it is merely possible if the workers are self motivated instead than directed. The director s engagement is non that of import in the motive of employees, in fact the workers should actuate themselves to work hard.Irrespective of being skilled, humble or professional work force, the major job organisations face is the deficiency of motive by the employees. It is besides one of the major issues faced by commercial Bankss. In this competitory universe, it is a challenge for the disposal to maintain the employees motivated so that they offer efficient services to the clients. The employee s enthusiastic, energetic behaviour and their motive towards their undert aking play a polar function in successes of any organisation.One of the maps of human resource director is to guarantee employee s workplace motive. They should help the director in maintaining the workers satisfied with their occupations. The service director should be able to develop motivated workers and promote their work morale. If the employees are unsated and unhappy about their workplace, their public presentation is normally hapless.Degrees of Employee MotivationBy and large, there are three degrees of employee s motives.Direction of an employees behaviour it is the behaviour that a individual choose to execute.Degree of attempt it relates to how often attempt can be put by the individual to act in a certain mannerDegree of continuity it related to individual s willingness to act despite obstructions faced.Every employee has a different background in footings of instruction, experiences and household category, nevertheless the primary involvement of all is to fulfill t heir personal demand and desires. They want to fulfill their basic necessities of life, linked to survival and security along with a desire to bring forth positive feelings about oneself and to be self fulfilled. Most employees wantjust company policies in affairs impacting them favourable occupation positiondirection they can be suregood working relationships with senior directors and colleagues nice wages and good working environment equal occupation securityThe article measures the consequence of Human resourcefulness Strategies on occupation ecstasy, specifically in Pakistan. It is mentioned in the article wage, publicity and preparation has positive consequence on occupation satisfaction, nevertheless in example of Pakistan, the employees give more importance to pay and publicity instead than developing. Significant differences were found between work forces and adult females occupation satisfaction degree. The service based industry is traveling through legion alterations for the last twosome of old ages. Due to these alterations, the minutess are increasing along with the scope of services provided. As a consequence, different sectors such as educational institutes, telecommunication houses, Bankss are sing high turnover.Motivational TheoriesHarmonizing to Maslow hierarchy of demands, people are motivated by unsated demands. The lower degree demands need to be fulfilled before traveling on to higher degree demands. In general, there are six types of demands physiological, survival, safety, love, respect and self-actualization. Peoples can move unselfishly merely if the first five demands are fulfilled. Maslow called theses demands as lack demands. Equally long as people are motivated to fulfill their desire for demands, they will be traveling higher towards self-actualization. Satisfying our demands is a healthy behaviour whereas forestalling satisfaction makes us act diabolic. Harmonizing to different researches, people have jobs in cognizing that precisely they want from a occupation. This is the ground why the supervisors ignore what the employee wants from the occupation, and in fact enforce on employee what they themselves want from the occupation. As the individual grows through any organisation, his employer provides chances for him to travel higher up the Maslow s pyramid.Frederick ( 1959 ) modified Maslow s demand Hierarchy surmise and came up with the two factor theory Hygiene Theory. Harmonizing to Frederick, there are some satisfiers and dissatisfies for employee in any workplace. These are the intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors are associated with occupation satisfaction whereas extrinsic factors are related to occupation dissatisfaction. Frederick wanted to cognize what do people want from their occupations. He asked people to depict state of affairss where they felt exceptionally good or bad. From the consequences he concluded that the antonym of satisfaction is non dissatisfaction. This means that taking the dissatisfying features from any occupation experience does nt do the occupation fulfilling. Existent of certain factor in a house is natural and presence of the same does nt take to motive. However, their non being possibly leads to de-motivation. Similarly there are few factors, the absence of which does nt do dissatisfaction, but their being has a motivational impact on the employees of the organisation.Harmonizing to Skinner ( 1953 ) , employees can be motivated by decently planing the environment. Alternatively of taking into consideration the natural factors like feelings, attitudes, feelings etc, and people are directed by what happens in their out-of-door environment. This is besides known as the support theory. The work topographic point environment should be suited and nice view to actuate the employees of the organisation.Victor Vroom ( 1964 ) presented anticipation theory which is widely accepted. The theory says that an employee can be motivated plent y to execute better when they believe that the better public presentation gets them a good public presentation assessment and that in bend leads to realisation of personal end in form of some wages. Therefore an employee isMotivation = Valence x ExpectancyThe focal point of this theory is on three cardinal variablesAttempts and public presentation relationship Performance and wages relationship Wagess and personal end relationship.The Adams Equity ( 1965 ) Theory theoretical account incorporates non merely individual(a) ego but besides the influence and comparing of other people s state of affairss in organizing a comparative position and consciousness of paleness. When employees feel that they are hard-boiled reasonably, they are more likely to be motivated. When employees are treated below the belt, they are extremely prone to demotivation. The manner people measure this sense of equity is the bosom of Equity Theory. Therefore, equity is non dependent upon by how much the wage ss exceed the attempt, it is dependent wholly on the equity of the game. It is the comparing that one makes between his wages and investing ratio with the ratio enjoyed or suffered by other employees.Harmonizing to the article, the eight top most motivational factors include safe work topographic point, just salary, publicity and growing chances in the organisation, disputing work, nice working status, sympathetic aid by people, grasp of work done and personal trueness to workers.Comparing these motivational factors to Maslow need hierarchy it can be seen that the top most motivational factor, safe work topographic point, is one of the safety needs whereas just wage is related to physiological factors. Traveling on publicity and growing chances are esteem factors and disputing work is associated with self-actualization.If we compare Vrooms anticipation theoretical account with highest ranked incentive life in a safe country, it is believed that the degree of attempt a individual put s in alterations with the value they attach to the results they get from the procedure and their thought of the specialty of the relation between attempt and result. Therefore, this theory is non wholly about opportunism in wagess but the links people make between expected results and the input they feel they can give towards those results.While comparing the 3rd highest motivational factor, publicity and growing chances, to Adam s equity theory, it is clear that directors want to actuate employees by supplying growing chances in equity bases. Bing unfair leads to dissatisfied employees and the public presentation will diminish.Increasing Motivation via RewardsFinancial and Non Financial RewardsIvana Rihova tackles the issue of how a good managed and effectual fiscal wagess bundle should be designed which will be just and reflective of employee public presentation and competency. The underlying thought which the writer tries to furtherance is associating public presentation to fis cal wagess. So foremost the writer shows how the entire income of an employee should be broken down entire income should consist of a base wage , or minimal fixed wage that the employee receives at the terminal of each month irrespective of how he/she performs so comes the variable wage or support , this is the portion of the wage which is dependent on how good the employee is able to accomplish the set ends and marks and in conclusion, employee benefits . The degree of basic wage depends on external fight , that is, the traveling market pay rate which other similar companies are offering and on national equity which is the degree of rewards the company can afford to offer to its employees. However, a proviso should be kept at bottom the basic salary graduated table for employees with a higher competence degree which will interpret into higher productiveness. Such employees wages lie at the higher terminal of the basic salary spectrum. Whereas, the influencing factors for the sum of variable wage or bonus are non merely the employee s ace public presentation, but besides the team/department and overall corporate public presentation of the company. And in conclusion, the employee benefits can be seen as a competitive advantage for the company over its rivals.Susan M. Heathfield gives an penetration into how different companies should steer fiscal wagess in different propagation A growth, entrepreneurial company, with variable gross revenues and income, may be better off commanding the degrees of base wages. When times are good, the company can bind bonus dollars to ends achieved. In thin times, when money is limited, the company is non obligated to high base wages. A longer-term company, with reasonably stable gross revenues and net incomes, may set more money in base wage. ( Heathfield )So far the writer has concentrated on the design of a fiscal wages bundle undermentioned comes execution or expense of that bundle. Here the writer introd uces two really of import constructs the knock-out standards and reward cap Wagess can frequently be paid merely when aA certain value in carry throughing ends is reached, i.e. , when knock out standards are met Once the company achieves its chief, normally fiscal ends, merely so can the wagess of single employees be considered. Under measure 2, the knock-out standards are applied to the single public presentation of employees. Under an interim measure, the knock out standards can be naturalized for the public presentation of single organisational sections or squads.Once the fulfilment of ends ranges aA certain degree, the higher value of end fulfilment is no longer translated into aA higher wages, i.e. aA reward cap. The reward cap should protect the company against inordinate fulfilment of ends which might non be covered by aA proportionately higher sum of fiscal financess, for illustration, in the eccentric of qualitative ends. The nucleus thought behind these constructs is protecting the house while keeping the unity of the nexus between wagess and public presentation. The knock-out standards pushes the employees to make more than merely the bare lower limit to have a fillip and the wages cap protects the house against ill set ends which may ensue into inordinate wagess. Employees exceling their ends by 10s of per centum are an indicant that the ends have non been set suitably.The writer so turns her attending towards the non-financial wagess. Ivana states that non-financial motive is defined by corporate civilization and corporate values . An analysis of merely this statement reveals how diverse and intangible non-financial wagess can be, therefore doing it really hard, if non impossible, for rivals to retroflex them. Harmonizing to Ivana, the first measure towards making a favourable environment for non-financial motive is, adirect and unfastened communicating and atmosphere across the company and continues with supplying constructive provender b ack to employees and following aA personalized attack where possible. Non-financial motive includes basic company values such as ethical attack, trueness, empathy, bravery, leading and squad spiritaOther non-financial motive drivers of employees which the company and direction can utilize include exponent decision-making chances duty self-fulfillment chances strong and clear vision of the company relationships in the group certainty acknowledgment congratulations feed-back and esteem relationship to liberty Basically, non-financial motive has much to make with how an employee feels at the occupation and how he/she is treated by higher-ups and colleagues. All the non-financial motive drivers mentioned by the writer are qualitative in nature and based on the employee s perceptual experience. Therefore, an inclusive and active attack by senior direction and line directors is polar in acknowledging as to which of these drivers apply to which employees. This is the individua lized attack that directors must hold in order to efficaciously actuate employees in today s epoch. In writer s sentiment, the new coevals of employees come ining the market, the generation-Y, is acute on larning and self development. This means that on the occupation mentorship plans can be an effectual non-financial motive driver for new employees.The writer recommends that companies should implement an incorporate public presentation direction system . This system will profit the human resource direction via regular employee rating and monitoring , associating employee compensation with employee competences in short-term and long-term and hence enable the direction to place above-average endowment and developing the endowment direction plan .Net income sharing and Employee MotivationBarf Kuvaas ( 2003 ) references in his article that there is a lifting involvement of employee ownership and net income sharing among practicians and research workers. In industrialised state s and some emerging economic systems have shown really high degree of involvement in the connexion between fiscal portion, employee attitudes and steadfast public presentation. Financial wages systems have received much unfavorable judgment in the past but this new tendency of affecting the employees in the net income of the company and passing them a portion of the net income in signifier of fillips has its advantages. First, this sort of a program includes no excess control of employee s work behaviour. If a net income is gained by the company it would be shared by the employees at the terminal of the twelvemonth. This reduces the opportunities of demotivating an employee due to his sensed degree of competency of himself therefore sabotaging their intrinsic motive ( Deci, Ryan, & A Koestner, 1999 Kohn, 1993a ) . Second, since this system links the organisational accomplishments to single accomplishments, it ensures that the bureau job is kept at a minimum degree. Employees do no n seek to derive single ends as the wages is on how good the organisation does as a whole. This encourages cooperation instead than internal competition ( Kendrick, 1987 Kohn, 1993b ) .Thirdly, this sort of an agreement heightens employee committedness to the organisation and ensures that the long term ends of the company are good in sync with the ends of the employees. The system gives a sense of ownership, partnership and psychological fond regard to the proprietors of the organisation and the workers. Not does it merely have a positive impact on the morale of the squads within the organisation it besides enhances organisational public presentation ( Pendleton et al. , 1998 )Wage and Employee MotivationAssociating employee motive to the payment of the employees, Sara L. Rynes ( 2004 ) states that human resource professional normally give a really high grade of importance to the nexus between the wage construction of an employee and his motive to execute on occupation, this belie f is far from true as wage is a general incentive of an employee and non the chief ground behind his/ her motive. The paper identifies the state of affairss in which wage is more or less of import for an employee and besides grounds why directors might pay less importance to it. The tabular array below contains findings of some major surveies that have been conducted to find the importance of wage to employees compared to other possible incentives. The first column shows the consequences of people being asked to rank the importance of wage compared to other incentives, the right manus side shows consequences of animate surveies in ongoing organisations that examine the work end product ensuing in the debut of different incentives like work redesign, increases in employee engagement, alteration in wage constructions etc. first column concludes that when people are asked straight to rank wage as a incentive, they tend to put it at a 5th degree ( range second to eighth ) in lists of p ossible incentives. In comparing, the existent behaviours in response to the incentives, about ever show wage as the most influential incentive of all.Specifying Job SatisfactionJob satisfaction is a term used widely and normally, yet there is nt any general sagacity as to what it truly entails. Satisfaction covers a batch of different aspects and can intend different to different people. Different writers have used different attacks to specify occupation satisfaction, many of which will be covered in this literature reappraisal.Hoppock ( 1935 ) explains occupation satisfaction as Any combination of psychological, physiological and environmental fortunes that cause a individual truthfully to state I am satisfied with my occupation This definition adheres to the fact that although occupation satisfaction has alot of external factors impacting it, it is still an internal matter that defines the feelings of the employee. This means occupation satisfaction is a consequence of a figure of factors that create satisfaction.Vroom s ( 1964 ) definition of occupation satisfaction involves the function an employee dramas in his workplace. He defines occupation satisfaction as an Affectional orientations on the portion of persons toward work functions which they are soon busying Harmonizing to Spector ( 1997 ) , occupation satisfaction has to make with how people feel about their occupation and its other facets. The degree to which they like or dislike the occupation that creates occupation satisfaction or dissatisfaction in a work state of affairs.Positivity and negativeness of an employee towards his work, are both are a portion of occupation satisfaction. When an employee joins an organisation, he comes with preconceived impressions about the sort of occupation he is acquiring into. He harbours certain demands and outlooks about his work and his satisfaction depends on the extent to which his outlooks are met, whether or non the existent awards match the 1s in his bel ief. An person s workplace behavior is really closely linked to his satisfaction towards his occupation ( Davis et al.,1985 ) .Harmonizing to kaliski ( 2007 ) an employee s sense of accomplishment and his success on his occupation is a portion of occupation satisfaction. This is thought to be straight linked to productiveness and personal well being. It besides implies making the occupation one enjoys and is suitably rewarded for. Job satisfaction is non merely the key to acknowledgment, publicity, and income and feeling of fulfillment, it is besides enthusiasm and felicity with one s work.Statt ( 2004 ) defines occupation satisfaction as the degree of contentment of an employee with the wagess he gets for his work particularly in footings of intrinsic motive. Armstrong ( 2006 ) relates the positive and favourable attitudes towards the occupation as occupation satisfaction and the negative and unfavourable feelings to occupation dissatisfaction.Goerge et Al ( 2008 ) depict occupatio n satisfaction as Job satisfaction is the aggregation of feeling and beliefs that people have about their current occupation. People s degrees of grades of occupation satisfaction can run from utmost satisfaction to extreme dissatisfaction. In add-on to holding attitudes about their occupations as a whole, people besides can hold attitudes about assorted facets of their occupations such as the sort of work they do, their colleagues, supervisors or subsidiaries and their wage Whereas Mullins ( 2005 ) is of the position that Job satisfaction is a complex and multifaceted construct which can intend different things to different people. Job satisfaction is normally linked with motive, but the nature of this relationship is non clear. Satisfaction is non the same as motive. Job satisfaction is more of an attitude, an internal province. It could, for illustration, be associated with a personal feeling of accomplishment, either quantitative or qualitative The efficiency and effectivity o f a concern organisation is frequently related to occupation satisfaction of its employees. The new managerial paradigm believes that employees should be treated as human existences that they are and their single demands, outlooks, personal desires be kept under consideration as these guarantee occupation satisfaction. The logic behind analysing occupation satisfaction is that a satisfied employee is a happy employee and a happy employee is a successful/efficient/effective employee. The importance of occupation satisfaction is heightened when the drawbacks of an unsated employee are seen, that is disloyalty, high absenteeism and higher figure of accidents etc. Spector ( 1997 ) provinces three cardinal characteristics of occupation satisfaction asHuman values should be kept as the guidelines for organisational policies. Organizations following this are more likely to handle their employees with regard and equity. Appraisal of the employee occupation satisfaction in such instances is a good manner of cognizing employee effectivity. High occupation satisfaction means the employees have a good emotional and mental province.The operation and activities of an organisation are mostly affected by the behavior of its workers and their degree of satisfaction. This implies that a positive behavior consequences from satisfaction whereas the negative behavior of employees is a consequence of their dissatisfaction.Job satisfaction can be an index of organisational activities. Job satisfaction ratings present fluctuations in satisfaction degrees of different units within a company. This, in bend, serves as an indicant as to which organisational unit alteration can hike public presentation.The undermentioned figure given by Christen, Iyer and Soberman ( 2006 ) provides a theoretical account of occupation satisfaction and its elementsJob related factorsRole perceptual experiencesJob public presentationFirm public presentation fingers breadth 1 Christen, Iyer and Soberman Mod el of Job Satisfaction ( 2006 )Figure 2 shows Lawler and Porter s ( 1967 ) theoretical account of occupation satisfaction which unlike Christen s theoretical account puts high accent on wagess impacting occupation satisfaction. This theoretical account represents intrinsic and extrinsic wagess as indirect factors impacting occupation satisfaction and the perceptual experience of the sort of wage the employee deserves as the chief factor.Figure 2- Lawler and Porter s Model of Job Satisfaction ( 1967 )Locke and Latham ( 1990 ) supply a wholly different thought of occupation satisfaction in their theory. Their theory is that undertakings set at higher degree or in other words, the undertakings that are non easy come-at-able and supply a challenge to the employees and put high outlooks for success create high satisfaction degrees. Figure 3 shows their theoretical account of occupation satisfactionFigure 3 Locke and Latham Model of Job Satisfaction ( 1990 )Industry AnalysisThe impor tance of the fabrics sector for Pakistan s economic system can be exhibited by merely reexamining a few factsThe fabric sector of Pakistan employs about 40 % of the entire labour force ( Beginning Pakistan Board of Investment ) .For the twelvemonth 2011, fabric sector s part towards Pakistan s GDP was 8.5 % . ( Beginning APTMA hot seat Review Report 2011 )The portion of fabric exports out of entire Pakistan s export is about 52.8 % presently. ( Beginning State Bank of Pakistan, Economic Data )These figures are more than plenty to set up what an of import sector fabric is for Pakistan s economic system. straight off let us reexamine what is presently go oning in this sector. Below is the break-up of the current figure of textile units in the state, courtesy Ministry of Textile IndustryLarge SectorNO OF UNITSSizeSpining Unit of measurements458a ) 10.906 M. SpindlesB ) 202356 RotorsComposite Unit of measurements5010416 LoomsIndependent Weaving Unit of measurements15027500 Shuttle les s LoomsCompleting Unit of measurements115Garments Unit of measurements800Small and Medium SectorNO OF UNITSSizeIndependent Weaving Unit of measurements42550,000 LoomsPower Looms245442 Looms295442 Looms ( courtly )Completing635Terry Towels80010000 Looms 700 bird lessCanvas2000 Looms300000 ( Industrial )Garments5000450000 ( Domestic )( Sewing Machine )Knitwear120018000However, Pakistan s fabric sector has been, and for the most portion still is, traveling through a period of convulsion. The fabric ministry has acknowledged closing of 90 large units in 2008 entirely. Each company employed a lower limit of 1,000 workers. Hundreds of 1000s have helpless occupations, Federal Adviser on Textile Dr Mirza Ikhtiar Baig, told The News. Baig said that the higher mark-up rates, energy crises, jurisprudence and order state of affairs and the planetary recession were the major grounds behind occupation cuts from fabric sector. A company can non prolong itself if the production units are unope n 15 yearss a month due to power outage, he said.The import of readymade garments from china has besides affected the local maker. It started from places, pencils and ballpen pens and now go oning with the garments, Baig said.The record of Pakistan Hosiery Manufacturers Association ( PHMA ) shows closing of 245 companies from the hose and knitwear sub-sector entirely in last five old ages. Of which 99 units were closed in 2008 entirely. These units employed 100 to more than a few thousand workers each. Beginning The World Trade Review, 2009 All in all around 350 units were closed with many more merely hardly lasting. The major jobs being faced by Pakistan s fabric sector areEnergy Crisis deficit of gas and electricity may hold reduced for families, but industry still suffers from an acute paucity of supply.Law, Order & A Terrorism fabrics sector has suffered greatly because of abysmal jurisprudence and order state of affairs in the state. Rampant and frequent terrorist onsla ughts in the past have left foreign purchasers scared of even come ining Pakistan, allow alone visit mills in distant industrial countries.Poor unsophisticated Image Perception due to terrorism studies on and in Pakistan, foreign purchasers and consumers have developed a negative image of Pakistan in heads, hence doing its merchandises seem inferior in quality.Market Access with Bangladesh having the GSP+ position from EU in 2010, Pakistan s entree to market is farther reduced. A GSP+ position means that Bangladesh s merchandises would confront a lower duty rate in EU, doing them cheaper for the purchasers.Increased Competition While Pakistan s fabric sector is stuck contending at several foreparts, India, Bangladesh, China and even Sri Lanka s markets are eating up our market portion and hammering new bonds with foreign purchasers.High Interest Rate Regime Harmonizing to APTMA Chairman Mr. Gohar Ejaz Regional rivals, from 2005 onwards induced investing to develop ample capac ity and as a consequence the fabric exports of our chief rival increased from $ 12 billion to $ 30 billion. The instrument used was the Technology Up-gradation Fund Scheme ( TUFS ) that provided for a remittal of involvement rate up to 50 % for investing. Similar strategies envisioned here did non happen because of the characteristic spread between policy and execution. Beginning APTMA Chairman Review Report 2011 As a consequence, smaller companies who have limited economic systems of graduated table are confronting the brunt of competition in Pakistan. Larger companies who can afford to do immense substructure investings are accommodating to these jobs by constructing their ain independent beginning of power supply, while some other have even started to contemplate switching their units to Bangladesh or Turkey in order to bask the same benefits as their planetary rivals are basking.

Methods of Presenting Arts

Certain methods of presenting arts are employed in order for it to be effective. In presenting his subject, the artisans uses different methods to express the idea he wants to recognize clear. The following are the commonly used methods in presenting the subjects of arts Realism Abstraction Symbolism Fauvism Dadaism Futurism Surrealism Expressionism REALISM It is the attempt to portray the subject as is. The artist selects, changes, and arranges details to express the idea he wants to make clear. The artist main function is to describe accurately what is observed through the senses.Examples of realism humanities Giora Eshkol (Daydreaming) Willem ClaeszHeda (Banquet Piece with Mince Pie) ABSTRACT It means to move away or separate. Abstract art moves away from showing things as they really are. The art exertion is not realistic. Types of abstract art Distortion. The subject is in misshaped condition. Elongation. The subject is lengthened for protraction or extension. Mangling, Subj ects are either cut, lacerated, mutilated or hacked. Cubism. Subjects are shown in basic geometrical shapes. Samples of abstract art Mary Capan (Title Unknown)Vincent van Gogh (Starry Night) SYMBOLISM The presentation of an invisible sign such as an idea or a quality into something visible. Sample of Symbolism Author Unknown (Memento Mori) FAUVISM Themes are either ethical, philosophical or psychological. Subjects express comfort, joy or happiness. Sample of fauvist Art work Japanese Propaganda poster during ww II DADAISM A protest movement formed in 1916 by a group of artist in Zurich, Switzerland. They try to provoke the public with outrageous forms of arts. Came from the French word dada meaning hobby horse. FUTURISMIts works aims to capture the speed and multitude of modern industrial society and to glorify the mechanical energy of modern life. SURREALISM Founded in Paris in 1924 by French poet Andre Breton. It tries to reveal a in the raw and higher reality than that of daily life. They claim to create a magical world more beautiful than the real one through art. It came from the slang of overseer realism. Sample of Surrealism Gennady Privedentsev (Birds Cocktail) EXPRESSIONISM The Expressionist emphasis on individual perspective has been characterized as a reaction to positivism and other artistic styles such as naturalism and impressionism.

McDonald’s vs Burger King: Which is Healthier Essay

The United States has the largest prompt sustenance industry in the world, and Ameri weed card-playing food for thought restaurants ar in over 100 countries. That alone tells you that millions of consumers par contemplate in fast food. By definition, fast food is food that can be prep atomic number 18d and served very quickly. A typical fast food meal in the United States includes a hamburger, French fries, and a soft drink. come in of all of the fast food restaurants in the United States, there are two companies that comes to mind that are the biggest chains in the country. Those two fast food chains are Burger King and McDonalds.These two companies own more than half of the fast food market in the U. S. With that said, in the past couple of old age there has been concern over the obesity rate in the United States. People believe that fast food is a factor because of how easy it is to sound it and the price range of it. Because of the perceptions of fast food, every one is l ooking to the biggest fast food chains to set the example and make their wags healthier. McDonalds and Burger King are the two fast food chains trying to convert their menu to provide healthier foods, each in their own way.Before looking at the menus of both(prenominal) fast food chains, one has to understand the history. What made them who they are today? How was it created? When did it go public? The outset restaurant is McDonalds. In 1937, Patrick McDonald opened The Airdome, which was a food stand in Monrovia, California. Hamburgers were ten cents and all you can drink. In 1940, his two sons, Maurice and Richard, brought the food stand from their father and moved the entire operation 40 miles and changed the name to McDonalds Bar-B-Q and served 25 barbecued peaks on their menu.In October 1948, the br opposites realized that most of their profits came from selling hamburgers so they closed down the establishment. On celestial latitude 12, 1948, the restaurants name was once a gain changed to McDonalds and went to a menu of hamburgers, cheeseburgers, French fries, shakes, soft drinks, and apple pie. After 5 years of outgrowth popularity and success the brothers decided to start franchising the restaurant. One year later, Ray Kroc, who sold Multi-mixer milkshakes machines, learned that one of the McDonalds restaurants were using eight of his machines and he decided to take a look for himself.After meeting with the McDonald brothers, Kroc thought that they could franchise the restaurants throughout the country. The brothers did not think the same way so Kroc decided to take it upon himself to do so. By 1959, Kroc had 102 successful restaurants in the United States and by 1961 Kroc brought the business rights from the McDonald brothers for about three million dollars. Like McDonalds, Burger King also has a long and affluent history. It was founded in 1953 in Jacksonville, Florida as Insta-Burger King.Inspired by the McDonald brothers original store locatio n in San Bernardino, California, the founders and owners, Keith J. Kramer and his wifes uncle Matthew Burns, began searching for a concept to open a new restaurant around. After purchasing the rights to two pieces of equipment nattered Insta machines, the two opened their first stores around a cooking blind known as the Insta-Broiler. The Insta-Broiler over proved to be so successful at cooking burgers they required all of their franchises to carry the device.With their new success in the way they cooked burgers, the company had rapidly expanded throughout the state of Florida until its operations totaled more than 40 locations in 1955. By 1961, Insta-Burger King ran into financial difficulties and the touch of McLamore and Edgarton purchased the national rights to the chain. It was rechristened as Burger King of Miami. The company would eventually become the Burger King Corporation and began selling territorial franchise licenses to private owners across the United States by 196 1.As I stated in the beginning of my essay, I wanted to compare the two menus between Burger King and McDonalds. Even though both restaurants are into selling hamburgers, how they are cooked and presented separate these two companies tremendously. For McDonalds, they call for added other items to their menu since the original restaurants opened plump for in 1948. They added a eat menu back in 1972 in which they sold certain breakfast sandwiches such as the McMuffin, which came in certain amounts of variations. There are also types of biscuits and breakfast burritos.Additional breakfast items include hotcakes, several breakfast platters with eggs, hash browns, and spirits or breads. As you know, for lunch, McDonalds serves many sandwich options such as the Quarter Pounder, the McDouble, which is the double cheeseburger, and chicken sandwiches, which they call a Mc xanthous. The denounce sandwich for McDonalds is called a Big Mac. It was introduced nationwide in 1968. It consists of two 100 percent beef patties, American cheese, special behave, which is based off a Thousand Island dressing, iceberg lettuce, pickles, onions, and served in a three-part sesame seed bun.Other items on the menu consist of Chicken McNuggets, Chicken Selects, which is the McDonalds version of chicken strips, Filet-O-Fish, and a McRib, the McDonalds Rib Sandwich. Burger Kings menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts. In 1978, the company introduced the first iteration of its breakfast menu. The breakfast menu remained almost identical to the McDonalds offerings until 1983 when Burger King introduced its CroissanWich, which comes in many variations like the McDonalds counterpart, McMuffin sandwich.For the lunch menu, there is bitty difference between the Burger King and McDonalds Menu. The counterpart of McDonalds Chicken McNuggets is called the BK Chicken Tenders, which made its debut in 1985. For Burger King, they have two t rademark sandwiches. The first one is the counterpart of the McChicken, which Burger King calls the BK Original Chicken Sandwich. It made its debut in 1978. The other sandwich is called the Whopper. Introduced in 1957, it is one of the high hat known sandwiches in the fast food industry.The Whopper consists of a flame grilled quarter-pound beef patty, sesame seed bun, mayonnaise, lettuce, tomato, pickles, ketchup, and sliced onion. Now we get to the meat of the conversation. Both companies have been trying to add healthier choices to their menu for years now. For example, McDonalds had to battle its public image as a purveyor of fatty, unhealthy food. Consumers began selection lawsuits contending that years of eating at McDonalds had made them overweight. So in 2003, McDonalds introduced a low calorie menu of low-calorie items and they also switched to more preventive cooking oil for the French fries.Burger king is no different to the criticism of their food. Since the 1980s, sev eral parties, including the Center for Science in the Public Interest, the British Heart insane asylum and the City of New York argued that Burger King has contributed to obesity and unhealthy eating behaviors in Western nations by producing products that contain large amounts of salt, fat, trans-fat, and calories. With that said, it is common knowledge that neither McDonalds nor Burger King is the healthiest option if you are trying to maintain a healthy lifestyle.Lets examine at the major items that both of these fast food chains provide and see which one is healthier. Starting with the French fries, a medium order from Burger King will make the customer consume four hundred calories, 20 grams of fat, 43 grams of carbohydrates and 5 grams of protein. The same amount for McDonalds will provide 20 calories, 7 grams of fat, 19 grams of carbohydrates, and 3 grams of protein less than Burger Kings French fries. So apparently McDonalds wins in French Fries, for cheeseburgers, McDonalds are not only lower in calories versus Burger King at ccc to 360, but also in fat and carbohydrates as well.They are also significantly higher in protein. Now for the main event, the Big Mac versus the Whopper, both of these burgers are the most popular menu item for both of these respected fast food chains. Which one is healthier? The Big Mac contains 540 calories, 29 grams of fat, 45 grams of carbohydrates and 25 grams of protein. The Whopper, on the other hand, contains 670 calories, 39 grams of fat, 51 grams of carbohydrates, and 27 grams of protein. So in other words, the Big Mac is Healthier. After looking at the other items that Burger King and McDonalds provides head to head, Burger King has the edge in terms of its chicken products.Now the big question is who has the healthiest menu? To be honest, it depends on the menu item you choose to buy from either one of these food chains. If you want a good burger that will not do that much damage to your fast then McDonalds is the way to go. If you are looking to eat a Chicken Sandwich, it looks like the Burger King should change their name. In conclusion, when asking the question of which fast food chain is healthier it is safe to say that there is no clear-cut answer. Even through McDonalds, when looking at the nutritional stats of each item compared to Burger King, wins in the Burger section.We as consumers have to realize that fast food is not healthy in the first place. These two fast food chains have rich and interesting histories that contributed to how and what they sell to their customers. Each menu has been tweaked in order to fulfill the needs of the consumer over the years. Every consumer prefer to have their own method of buying items, so the best advice I can give is to do your own research beforehand. It is also important to show that you should limit the amount of fast food you eat on a regular basis in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

Evaluate an International Expansion Strategy for Goya Essay

Goya, the largest Hispanic-owned society in the United States, has established itself as not just a public brand of Hispanic aliment products but likewise has capture the trades standard of quality and competitiveness. Established in 1936 as an import family to supply the demand for authentic Mexican and Spanish cuisine, the come with is now producing and developing its own products (Goya, 2007a).Despite the extensive competition from larger food manufacturing companies and the commencement of American markets by European and South American suppliers, Goya has been able to maintain its market leadership and develop newfangled products and markets (Goya Foods, 1999). whizz of the factors cited for the continued victory of the guild is its selling strategies with the Hispanic community. Considering that the Hispanic community and consumers of Hispanic food products ar expected to represent 25% of the United States retail food market by 2050, this competency is one that o ther companies would like to acquire for themselves (Hoffman, 2003, p. 5).The object glass of this paper is to investigate the environmental marketing forces that Goya considers in developing its marketing strategies, how it characterizes different subgroups in its market and the merits of expanding its target market to non- Latino consumers. In doing so, the paper will be able to understand the perspectives and insights that Goya has calld and has become instrumental for its success (Riell, 2007). Environmental Forces PrioritizedAmong the six environmental forces discussed, natural, technological, political and legal, economic, competitive, and socio- heathenish, the last three that are considered the closely in Goyas marketing strategy. though the other factors are as well considered, they figure much significantly in the companys corporate and operation strategies (Demetrakakes, 2003). Though they do not directly relate to the companys marketing strategy, it should withal be recognized that they can impact the market effectiveness of the company. Thus, Goya considers all of these environmental forces as grievous factors to consider (Hoffman, 2003). sparing ForcesEconomic forces are important to the companys marketing strategy because of its interest in retail markets. The case study of the company presented by Hoffman razes out that since the Latino market will represent a substantial chunk of the consumer market, they will exert greater demand for products and may in fact shift the market towards buyers. At the same time, the size of the market will also increase its attractiveness to new players as well as marketing requirements (Goya, 2007a). Thus, it has been important for the company to establish itself as the premiere choice of consumers and to involve a great sensitive to the market.According to Andy Unanue, CEO-in-waiting apparent, the companys sensitivity to the shifts in purchasing agency and the rate of entry of alternative products has been critical. Schiantarellis (2005) study indicates that the companys sensitivity to macroeconomic factors in its major markets allows it to maximize economic growth areas. In doing so, the company is not solely able to sell itself but is also able to establish itself at times where markets tend to liberal. Michael (19980 that the strategy of targeting these developing economies also allows the company to reposition its mature products or specialize markets for particular products.Johanssons (2001) ingest suggests that economy-related strategies in marketing are critical in establishing long-term goals. Furthermore, the company has also endeavored to be sensitive to the economic development in Latin America which aside from being a major market also is important its supply chain. Latin American has been able to increase its supply power in world markets and brook required higher prices for their goods. Furthermore, there has been significantly more mobility in capital and tra de liberalization from the 1970s (Bulmer-Thomas, 2006).This creates a challenge for the company to be more cost-effective and as well as market-oriented in its approach. The trend has been successful in controlling inflation rates and allowed significantly greater role of the middle class which, to Goyas service, represents a significant people of its market (Hoffman, 2003). Competitive Forces Just as importantly, if not more urgent, is the increasing competitiveness in the market. As mentioned, the size of the market is attracting significant interest from new players. New players range from mainstream food manufacturing markets as well as direct competitors (Demetrakakes, 2003).Though the company has been able to maintain its position, it estimates the competition in the market to significantly increase. Goya sees the accept to deal with the entry of larger competitors with more extensive distribution channels and prominent brands (Goya, 2007a). The entry of new competitors als o can induce a price war which can reduce the companys profit margin and limit Goya as a niche brand instead of its objective to be a mainstream one. Johansson (2001) points out that price wars have the potential of sifting advantage from producers and raise quality standards.Though this can create vitality in the market, if competitors saturate the market, particularly when the market does not expand proportionally, then operational costs can not be justified. Waltuck (2005) raises concerns regarding fragmentation of the market amongst the competitors which can stigma logistics of assessing and accessing markets more challenging. To respond to these concerns, Goya maintains communication and relations with its market, following closely market preference, demographics, and psychographics as well as migration movements. This also reinforces the brands image as part of the Latino horti goal and identity.The companys belief is that Latinos like buying things they consider their own, t hat are authentic (Hoffman, 2003, p. 35). Thus the company does not only when rely strictly on the actual quality of the product but is also able to maintain the perceived quality of the product which lies more beyond the control of the company. Another element that can be enhanced by the strategy is the reputation of the company, a confidence which extends beyond the sales performance Goya Maksimovic and Sheridan (2005) point out that this has also been increasingly important factors in the financial reputations of companies.In the case of Goya, one of the reasons for its cooperate success is its hold on the market, a fact that creates consequence confidence for investors as indicated by the companys rank among Forbes Top 500 companies in the United States (Riell, 2007). Conversely, this rating also reinforces Goya as a premiere brand and creates pride among the Latino community. Socio-Cultural Forces Considering that the companys imaging is anchored on its being a Latino product , socio- heathenish factors can be seen as the most important consideration of the companys marketing strategy.According to Johanssons (2001) assessment of Latin markets, there is great attachment for family and cultural heritage that emphasizes religion, culture, community and tradition. Social and family gatherings are focused on reinforcing these elements and since these events involve the preparation of traditional cuisine, the demand for food ingredients is just as important. Goyas view on Latin culture considers the development of identity, mixer skills and value systems and unique attributes associated within subgroups due to geography, ethnicity or nationality.A survey of Goyas products shows that they are labeled using traditional names of products , emphasis on the traditional designs and effort is made to develop product variations to accommodate tastes (Demetrakakes, 2003). For example, salsa products are offered in several levels of spice intensity or chili combinatio ns (Goya, 2007b). This accommodates for variances in preparation of products based on traditions within the Latino community. In addition to responding to indelible facets of the market, the company has also become adept in responding to socio-cultural changes within the community.Bulmer-Thomas (2006) points out that Latin American markets are changing significantly because of liberalization and diversification of its markets to which he attributes changes on tender dynamics. one of the most significant changes is in the role of women. Traditional Hispanic households have been characterized as the primary homemakers thus most of the companys products targeted women specifically in contrast to today, products are designed to be more non-gender specific. Another indication of the companys sensitivity to the socio-cultural background of its clientele is in its efforts to educate non-Latino customers to Latin culture.Most products have anecdotal information regarding the origin, manne r of preparation or cultural references of the product. This may also be an effort to reinforce Latin culture amongst on-traditional or mixed-heritage families. In credit of the modus vivendi and economic status of its market, Goya has also developed instant or quick preparation products. This was a response to surveys that most Latino families have shifted to become dual families as well as an effort to cater to casual dining markets. Another response to changes in lifestyle is the development of frozen and low-sodium products.The former has also contributed to extend the shelf of prepared and ready-to-eat products while the latter is a response to medical studies of the Latino population that indicated stub and kidney diseases as major health risks (Johansson, 2001). This type of valuation is again creates sensitivity and insight to their target market which reinforce the brand to the market (Johnson, 2006). Furthermore, this creates affable significance to the products since th ey become intimately associated not only to the idea of Latino food but to Latino identity as a whole.Understanding Subgroups within the Latino Community Latino is considered an umbrella to encompass a number of nationalities characterized by Latin American or Spanish ancestry. According to Hoffman (2003, pp. 22-24) there is a need to understand various subgroups within the community to respond to nationalistic, ethnic or cultural identifications. The study of Bulmer-Thomas (2006) reinforces this idea by showing that individual national, ethnic and cultural work through has a direct relationship with market perceptions and performance.He uses the example of Brazil and Mexico as an example European products are perceived better than American products in the former while the reverse is what is prevalent in Mexican markets. Thus, Goya can expect to contend with similar products from European products in Brazil and American brands in Mexico. Johnson (2006) points out that generalized i dentity constructions like in the use of the term Latino to refer to a segment of the population always creates conflicts with the recognition of multiculturalism.This can fail to recognize social dynamics within the community that have developed from historical conflicts or social positions. Aside from the obvious differences in nationality, social stratification is also prevalent as seen in social labels used to refer to ethnic minorities or those of mixed heritage still persist. In not recognizing these groups, there can only be limited recognition of the diversity within the Latino population. This also precludes the company from truly promoting Latino culture which it has claimed as one its social goals.Keeping diversity within the Latino community will also allow Goya to develop more products and diversify its markets. At the same time, this can be a means of maintaining cultural identity since homogeneity will only make the market more similar to mainstream psychographics. Th ough the company is targeting mainstream markets, maintain a traditional Latino market is also important because the community showcases Latino traditions, particularly cuisines. Challenges of Market Diversification Goya considers its foray to non-Latino markets.One of the major challenges for the company is to develop a collaborated marketing programs for both Latino and non-Latino markets. There may be a need to accommodate non-Latino markets lack of familiarity or experience with the Latino traditions. Another constraint that has to be considered is the logistic challenges of render the demand of non-Latino markets. This will include not only supplying shelves with the actual products but also changing packaging, variants and modes of products.Other social factors also become an issue since Latino communities are predominantly Catholics or Christians, there has been no significant need to develop halal-approved products, foods approved for Muslim consumption. So far, adaptation has been of non-Latino markets developing preference for Latino products. Despite this trend which is in the advantage of Goya, a Johansson (2001) point out the need to facilitate the behaviors since adaptations has its limitations. Accessing new markets also exposes Goya to greater competition.This can also be made difficult by the lack of experience in these markets or insights. Goya has stated that it rely its marketing strategies on close monitoring of social trends in its markets however, considering the scale of non-Latino markets, this will be prove more challenging to develop insights on buying preferences to demographic or psychographic characteristics (Besanko, 2005). Hoffman points out that overall globalization trends in societies and markets are highlighting the need for competitive advantage and at the same social sensitivity.There is no denying that has shown its cultural sensitivity, the next challenge is to develop sensitivity to non-Latino markets. Riell (2007) sug gests further cross-over market testing of products. Similarly, Waltuck (2005) suggest the Goya should use both market and product strategies. Market strategies will accommodate for the dissimilarities with its traditional markets while product strategies will be a means to determine what products are already marketable to non-Latino markets.Conclusion The Goya Company has become an icon not only culturally but also commercially. In recent years, Latino communities global have become more prominent in consumer markets because of rapid growth in Latin American countries as well as increasing social significance of Latino migrants particularly in the North America. Furthermore, interests in its traditions and culture have created new market opportunities of Latino products in mainstream markets.Interest in these products have proven themselves more than a fad but many non-Latino consumers have indicated their preference for Latino cuisine and food products. As public image and social responsibility become more of an issue for companies, Goyas approach to business has lent them not only market presence but also social relevance. Its current objective to access mainstream markets is not surprising considering the current internet of non-Latino consumers of its products. However, there is also need to realize and respond to the demands of doing so will have for the company.Together with the change is scale, there is also a need to develop new competencies to maintain the strategic advantages that has established its success in Latino markets. In conclusion, Goya should assess the environmental forces of its new markets, particularly those that influence the economics, competitiveness and socio-cultural characteristics of the market. In doing so, the company will be able to prove that there is not only an existing demand for its products but that potential for them is not limited to culture, race, ethnicity or nationality.